Oedipus at Colonus E-book
Author: Sophocles
Genre: Drama, Tragedy Drama
425 BC
OEDIPUS AT COLONUS
by Sophocles
translated by R. C. Jebb
Electronically Enhanced Text (c) Copyright 1996, World Library(R)
Characters in the Play
-
Oedipus
-
his daughters:
Antigone
Ismene
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A Man of Colonus
Theseus, King of Athens
Creon, of Thebes
Polyneices, the elder son of Oedipus
A Messenger
Chorus of Elders of Colonus
OEDIPUS AT COLONUS
-
(Scene: -At Colonus in Attica, a little more than a mile
north-west the Acropolis at Athens. The back-scene shows the grove
sacred to the Erinyes or Furies, there worshipped under the
propitiatory name of the Eumenides, or Kindly Powers. The grove is
luxuriant with laurel, olive, and vine. Near the middle of the stage
is seen a rock, affording a seat which is supposed to be just within
the bounds of the grove. The hero Colonus is perhaps represented by
a statue on the stage.
The blind OEDIPUS, who is conceived as coming into Attica from the
west or north-west, enters on the spectators' left, led by ANTIGONE.
He is old and way-worn, his haggard face bearing the traces of the
self-inflicted wounds. The garb of both the wanderers betokens
indigence and hardship. After replying to his first questions, his
daughter leads him to the rocky seat.)
-
OEDIPUS
DAUGHTER of the blind old man, to what region have we come,
Antigone, or what city of men? Who will entertain the wandering
Oedipus to-day with scanty gifts? Little crave I, and win yet less
than that little, and therewith am content; for patience is the lesson
of suffering, and of the years in our long fellowship, and lastly of a
noble mind. -My child, if thou seest any resting-place, whether on
profane ground or by groves of the gods, stay me and set me down, that
we may inquire where we are: for we stand in need to learn as
strangers of denizens, and to perform their bidding.
ANTIGONE
Father, toil-worn Oedipus, the towers that guard the city, to
judge by sight, are far off; and this place is sacred, to all seeming,
-thick-set with laurel, olive, vine; and in its heart a feathered
choir of nightingales makes music. So sit thee here on this unhewn
stone; thou hast travelled a long way for an old man.
OEDIPUS
Seat me, then, and watch over the blind.
ANTIGONE
If time can teach, I need not to learn that.
OEDIPUS
Canst thou tell me, now, where we have arrived?
ANTIGONE
Athens I know, but not this place.
OEDIPUS
Aye, so much every wayfarer told us.
ANTIGONE
Well, shall I go and learn how the spot is called?
OEDIPUS
Yes, child, -if indeed 'tis habitable.
ANTIGONE
Nay, inhabited it surely is; -but I think there is no need;
-yonder see a man near us.
OEDIPUS
Hitherward moving and setting forth?
ANTIGONE
Nay, he is at our side already. Speak as the moment prompts
thee, for the man is here.
(A STRANGER, a man of Colonus, enters.)
OEDIPUS
Stranger, hearing from this maiden, who hath sight for herself and
for me, that thou hast drawn nigh with timely quest for the solving of
our doubts-
STRANGER
Now, ere thou question me at large, quit this seat; for thou art
on ground which 'tis not lawful to tread.
OEDIPUS
And what is this ground? To what deity sacred?
STRANGER
Ground inviolable, whereon none may dwell: for the dread goddesses
hold it, the daughters of Earth and Darkness.
OEDIPUS
Who may they be, whose awful name I am to hear and invoke?
STRANGER
The all-seeing Eumenides the folk here would call them: but
other names please otherwhere.
OEDIPUS
Then graciously may they receive their suppliant! for nevermore
will I depart from my rest in this land.
STRANGER
What means this?
OEDIPUS
'Tis the watchword of my fate.
STRANGER
Nay, for my part, I dare not remove thee without warrant from the.
city, ere I report what I am doing.
OEDIPUS
Now for the gods' love, stranger, refuse me not, hapless
wanderer that I am, the knowledge for which I sue to thee.
STRANGER
Speak, and from me thou shalt find no refusal.
OEDIPUS
What, then, is the place that we have entered?
STRANGER
All that I know, thou shalt learn from my mouth. This whole
place is sacred; awful Poseidon holds it, and therein is the
fire-fraught god, the Titan Prometheus; but as for the spot whereon
thou treadest, 'tis called the Brazen Threshold of this land, the stay
of Athens; and the neighbouring fields claim yon knight Colonus for
their primal lord, and all the people bear his name in common for
their own. Such, thou mayest know, stranger, are these haunts, not
honoured in story, but rather in the life that loves them.
OEDIPUS
Are there indeed dwellers in this region?
STRANGER
Yea, surely, the namesakes of yonder god.
OEDIPUS
Have they a king? Or doth speech rest with the folk?
STRANGER
These parts are ruled by the king in the city.
OEDIPUS
And who is thus sovereign in counsel and in might?
STRANGER
Theseus he is called, son of Aegeus who was before him.
OEDIPUS
Could a messenger go for him from among you?
STRANGER
With what aim to speak, or to prepare his coming?
OEDIPUS
That by small service he may find a great gain.
STRANGER
And what help can be from one who sees not?
OEDIPUS
In all that I speak there shall be sight.
STRANGER
Mark me now, friend -I would not have thee come to harm, -for thou
art noble, if one may judge by thy looks, leaving thy fortune
aside;-stay here, e'en where I found thee, till I go and tell these
things to the folk on this spot, -not in the town: they will decide
for thee whether thou shalt abide or retire.
(The STRANGER departs.)
OEDIPUS
My child, say, is the stranger gone?
ANTIGONE
He is gone, and so thou canst utter what thou wilt, father, in
quietness, as knowing that I alone am near.
OEDIPUS
Queens of dread aspect, since your seat is the first in this
land whereat I have bent the knee, show not yourselves ungracious to
Phoebus or to myself; who, when he proclaimed that doom of many
woes, spake of this as a rest for me after long years,-on reaching
my goal in a land where I should find a seat of the Awful Goddesses,
and a hospitable shelter, -even that there I should close my weary
life, with benefits, through my having dwelt therein, for mine
hosts, but ruin for those who sent me forth -who drove me away. And he
went on to warn me that signs of these things should come, in
earthquake, or in thunder, haply, or in the lightning of Zeus.
Now I perceive that in this journey some faithful omen from you
hath surely led me home to this grove: never else could I have met
with you, first of all, in my wanderings, -I, the austere, with you
who delight not in wine, -or taken this solemn seat not shaped by man.
Then, goddesses, according to the word of Apollo, give me at
last some way to accomplish and close my course, -unless, perchance, I
seem beneath your grace, thrall that I am evermore to woes the
sorest on the earth. Hear, sweet daughters of primeval Darkness! Hear,
thou that art called the city of great Pallas, -Athens, of all
cities most honoured! Pity this poor wraith of Oedipus, -for verily
'tis the man of old no more.
ANTIGONE
Hush! Here come some aged men, I wot, to spy out thy
resting-place.
OEDIPUS
I will be mute, -and do thou hide me in the grove, apart from
the road, till I learn how these men will speak; for in knowledge is
the safeguard of our course.
-
(OEDIPUS and ANTIGONE withdraw into the grove. The CHORUS OF
ELDERS OF COLONUS enter the orchestra, from the right
of the spectators, as if in eager search.)
-
CHORUS (singing)
-
strophe 1
-
Give heed -who was he, then? Where lodges he? -whither hath he
rushed from this place, insolent, he, above all who live? Scan the
ground, look well, urge the quest in every part.
A wanderer that old man must have been, -a wanderer, not dweller
in the land; else never would he have advanced into this untrodden
grove of the maidens with whom none may strive, whose name we
tremble to speak, by whom we pass with eyes turned away, moving our
lips, without sound or word, in still devotion.
But now 'tis rumoured that one hath come who in no wise reveres
them; and him I cannot yet discern, though I look round all the holy
place, nor wot I where to find his lodging.
-
(OEDIPUS Steps forward, with ANTIGONE, from
his place of concealment in the grove.)
-
OEDIPUS
-
systema 1
-
Behold the man whom ye seek! for in sound is my sight, as the
saying hath it.
-
CHORUS
O! O!
Dread to see, and dread to hear!
OEDIPUS
Regard me not, I entreat you, as a lawless one.
CHORUS
Zeus defend us! who may the old man be?
OEDIPUS
Not wholly of the best fortune, that ye should envy him, O
guardians of this land! -'Tis plain: else would I not be walking
thus by the eyes of others, and buoying my strength upon weakness.
-
CHORUS
-
antistrophe 1
-
Alas! wast thou sightless e'en from thy birth? Evil have been
thy days, and many, to all seeming; but at least, if I can help,
thou shalt not add this curse to thy doom. Too far thou goest -too
far! But, lest thy rash steps intrude on the sward of yonder voiceless
glade, where the bowl of water blends its stream with the flow of
honied offerings (be thou well ware of such trespass, unhappy
stranger) retire, -withdraw! -A wide space parts us: hearest thou,
toil-worn wanderer? If thou hast aught to say in converse with us,
leave forbidden ground, and speak where 'tis lawful for all; but, till
then, refrain.
-
OEDIPUS
-
systema 2
-
Daughter, to what counsel shall we incline?
-
ANTIGONE
My father, we must conform us to the customs of the land,
yielding, where 'tis meet, and hearkening.
OEDIPUS
Then give me thy hand.
ANTIGONE
'Tis laid in thine.
OEDIPUS
Strangers, oh let me not suffer wrong when I have trusted in
you, and have passed from my refuge!
-
CHORUS
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strophe 2
-
Never, old man, never shall any one remove thee from this place of
rest against thy will.
(OEDIPUS now begins to move forward,.)
OEDIPUS (pausing in his gradual advance)
Further, then?
CHORUS
Come still further.
OEDIPUS (having advanced another step)
Further?
CHORUS
Lead him onward, maiden, for thou understandest.
-
[A verse for ANTIGONE, a verse for OEDIPUS, and then another verse
for ANTIGONE, seem to have been lost here.]
-
ANTIGONE
Come, follow me this way with thy dark steps, father, as I lead
thee.
-
[Here has been lost a verse for OEDIPUS.]
-
CHORUS
A stranger in a strange land, ah, hapless one, incline thy heart
to abhor that which the city holds in settled hate, and to reverence
what she loves!
OEDIPUS
-
systema 3
-
Lead me thou, then, child, to a spot where I may speak and
listen within piety's domain, and let us not wage war with necessity.
(Moving forward, he now sets foot on a platform of rock at the
verge of the grove.)
-
CHORUS
-
antistrophe 2
-
There! -bend not thy steps beyond that floor of native rock.
-
OEDIPUS
Thus far?
CHORUS
Enough, I tell thee.
OEDIPUS
Shall I sit down?
CHORUS
Yea, move sideways and crouch low on the edge of the rock.
ANTIGONE
Father, this is my task: to quiet step.
OEDIPUS
Ah me! ah me!
ANTIGONE
Knit step, and lean thy aged frame upon my loving arm.
OEDIPUS
Woe for the doom of a dark soul!
(ANTIGONE seats him on the rock.)
CHORUS
Ah, hapless one, since now thou hast ease, speak, -whence art thou
sprung? In what name art thou led on thy weary way? What is the
fatherland whereof thou hast to tell us?
OEDIPUS
Strangers, I am an exile -but forbear...
CHORUS
What is this that thou forbiddest, old man?
OEDIPUS
-forbear, forbear to ask me who I am; -seek -probe -no further!
CHORUS
What means this?
OEDIPUS
Dread the birth...
CHORUS
Speak!
OEDIPUS (to ANTIGONE)
My child -alas! -what shall I say?
CHORUS
What is thy lineage, stranger, -speak! -and who thy sire?
OEDIPUS
Woe is me! -What will become of me, my child?
ANTIGONE
Speak, -for thou art driven to the verge.
OEDIPUS
Then speak I will -I have no way to hide it.
CHORUS
Ye twain make a long delay -come, haste thee!
OEDIPUS
Know ye a son of Laius...O!... (The CHORUS utter a cry)... and the
race of the Labdacidae?...
CHORUS
O Zeus!...
OEDIPUS
The hapless Oedipus?...
CHORUS
THOU art he?
OEDIPUS
Have no fear of any words that I speak-
-
(The CHORUS drown his voice with a great shout of execration, half
turning away, and holding their mantels before their eyes.)
-
OEDIPUS
Unhappy that I am!... (The clamour of the CHORUS continues)...
Daughter, what is about to befall?
CHORUS
Out with you! forth from the land!
OEDIPUS
And thy promise -to what fulfilment wilt thou bring it?
CHORUS
No man is visited by fate if he requites deeds which were first
done to himself; deceit on the one part matches deceits on the
other, and gives pain, instead of benefit, for reward. And thou
-back with thee! out from these seats! avaunt! away from my land
with all speed, lest thou fasten some heavier burden on my city!
ANTIGONE
Strangers of reverent soul, since ye have not borne with mine aged
father, -knowing as ye do, the rumour of his unpurposed deeds,
-pity, at least, my hapless self, I implore you, who supplicate you
for my sire alone, -supplicate you with eyes that can still look on
your own, even as though I were sprung from your own blood, that the
sufferer may find compassion.
On you, as on a god, we depend in our misery. Nay, hear us!
grant the boon for which we scarce dare hope! By everything sprung
from you that ye hold dear, I implore you, yea, by child -by wife,
or treasure, or god! Look well and thou wilt not find the mortal
who, if god should lead him on, could escape.
LEADER OF THE CHORUS
Nay, be thou sure, daughter of Oedipus, we pity thee and him alike
for your fortune; but, dreading the judgment of the gods, we could not
say aught beyond what hath now been said to thee.
OEDIPUS
What good comes, then, of repute or fair fame, if it ends in
idle breath; seeing that Athens, as men say, has the perfect fear of
Heaven, and the power, above all cities, to shelter the vexed
stranger, and the power, above all to succour him?
And where find I these things, when, after making me rise up
from these rocky seats, ye then drive me from the land, afraid of my
name alone? Not, surely, afraid of my person or of mine acts; since
mine acts, at least, have been in suffering rather than doing -were it
seemly that I should tell you the story of my mother or my sire, by
reason whereof ye dread me -that know I full well.
And yet in nature how was I evil? I, who was but requiting a
wrong, so that, had I been acting with knowledge, even then I could
not be accounted wicked; but, as it was, all unknowing went I -whither
I went-while they who wronged me knowingly sought my ruin.
Wherefore, strangers, I beseech you by the gods, even as ye made
me leave my seat, so protect me, and do not. while ye honour the gods,
refuse to give those gods their due; but rather deem that they look on
the god-fearing among men, and on the godless, and that never yet hath
escape been found for an impious mortal on the earth.
With the help of those gods, spare to cloud the bright fame of
Athens by ministering to unholy deeds; but, as yet have received the
suppliant under your pledge, rescue me and guard me to the end; nor
scorn me when ye look on this face unlovely to behold: for I have come
to you as one sacred, and pious, and fraught with comfort for this
people. But when the master is come, whosoever he be that is your
chief, then shall ye hear and know all; meanwhile in no wise show
yourself false.
LEADER
The thoughts urged on thy part, old man, must needs move awe; they
have been set forth in words not light; but I am content that the
rulers of our country should judge in this cause.
OEDIPUS
And where, strangers, is the lord of this realm?
LEADER
He is at the city of his father in our land; and the messenger who
sent us hither hath gone to fetch him.
OEDIPUS
Think ye that he will have any regard or care for the blind man,
so as to come hither himself?
LEADER
Yea, surely, so soon as he learns thy name.
OEDIPUS
Who is there to bring him that message?
LEADER
The way is long, and many rumours from wayfarers are wont to go
abroad; when he hears them, he will soon be with us, fear not. For thy
name, old man, hath been mightily noised through all lands; so that,
even if he is taking his ease, and slow to move, when he hears of thee
he will arrive with speed.
OEDIPUS
Well, may he come with a blessing to his own city, as to me! -What
good man is not his own friend?
ANTIGONE
O Zeus! what shall I say, what shall I think, my father?
OEDIPUS
What is it, Antigone, my child?
ANTIGONE
I see a woman coming towards us, mounted on a colt of Etna; she
wears a Thessalian bonnet to screen her face from the sun. What
shall I say? Is it she, or is it not? Doth fancy cheat me? Yes -no
-I cannot tell -ah me! It is no other -yes! -she greets me with bright
glances as she draws nigh, and shows that Ismene, and no other, is
before me.
OEDIPUS
What sayest thou, my child?
ANTIGONE
That I see thy daughter and my sister; -thou canst know her
straightway by her voice.
(ISMENE enters, attended by one servant.)
ISMENE
Father and sister, names most sweet to me! How hardly have I found
you! and now I scarce can see you for my tears.
OEDIPUS
My child, thou hast come?
ISMENE
Ah, father, sad is thy fate to see!
OEDIPUS
Thou art with us, my child!
ISMENE
And it hath cost me toil.
OEDIPUS
Touch me, my daughter!
ISMENE
I give a hand to each.
OEDIPUS
Ah, children -ah, ye sisters!
ISMENE
Alas, twice-wretched life!
OEDIPUS
Her life and mine?
ISMENE
And mine, hapless, with you twain.
OEDIPUS
Child, and why hast thou come?
ISMENE
Through care, father, for thee.
OEDIPUS
Through longing to see me?
ISMENE
Yes, and to bring thee tidings by mine own mouth, -with the only
faithful servant that I had.
OEDIPUS
And where are the young men thy brothers at our need?
ISMENE
They are -where they are: 'tis their dark hour.
OEDIPUS
O, true image of the ways of Egypt that they show in their
spirit and their life! For there the men sit weaving in the house, but
the wives go forth to win the daily bread. And in your case, my
daughters, those to whom these toils belonged keep the house at home
like girls, while ye, in their stead, bear your hapless father's
burdens.
One, from the time when her tender age was past and she came to
woman's strength, hath ever been the old man's guide in weary
wanderings, oft roaming, hungry and barefoot, through the wild wood,
oft sore-vexed by rains and scorching heat, -but regarding not the
comforts of home, if so her father should have tendance.
And thou, my child, in former days camest forth, bringing thy
father, unknown of the Cadmeans, all the oracles that had been given
touching Oedipus; and thou didst take on thee the office of a faithful
watcher in my behalf, when I was being driven from the land. And now
what new tidings hast thou brought thy father, Ismene? On what mission
hast thou set forth from home? For thou comest not empty-handed,
well I wot, or without some word of fear for me.
ISMENE
The sufferings that I bore, father, in seeking where thou wast
living, will pass by; I would not renew the pain in the recital. But
the ills that now beset thine ill-fated sons, -'tis of these that I
have come to tell thee.
At first it was their desire that the throne should be left to
Creon, and the city spared pollution, when they thought calmly on
the blight of the race from of old, and how it hath clung to thine
ill-starred house. But now, moved by some god and by a sinful mind, an
evil rivalry hath seized them, thrice infatuate!-to grasp at rule
and kingly power.
And the hot-brained youth, the younger born, hath deprived the
elder, Polyneices, of the throne, and hath driven him from his
fatherland. But he, as the general rumour saith among us, hath gone,
an exile, to the hill-girt Argos, and is taking unto him a new
kinship, and warriors for his friends, -as deeming that Argos shall
soon possess the Cadmean land in honour, or lift that land's praise to
the stars.
These are no vain words, my father, but deeds terrible; and
where the gods will have pity on thy griefs, I cannot tell.
OEDIPUS
What, hadst thou come to hope that the gods would ever look on
me for my deliverance?
ISMENE
Yea, mine is that hope, father, from the present oracles.
OEDIPUS
What are they? What hath been prophesied, my child?
ISMENE
That thou shalt yet be desired, alive and dead, by the men of that
land, for their welfare's sake.
OEDIPUS
And who could have good of such an one as I?
ISMENE
Their power, 'tis said, comes to be in thy hand.
OEDIPUS
When I am nought, in that hour, then, I am a man?
ISMENE
Yea, for the gods lift thee now, but before they were working
thy ruin.
OEDIPUS
'Tis little to lift age, when youth was ruined.
ISMENE
Well, know, at least, that Creon will come to thee in this
cause-and rather soon than late.
OEDIPUS
With what purpose, daughter? Expound to me.
ISMENE
To plant thee near the Cadmean land, so that they may have thee in
their grasp, but thou mayest not set foot on their borders.
OEDIPUS
And how can I advantage them while I rest beyond their gates?
ISMENE
Thy tomb hath a curse for them, if all be not well with it.
OEDIPUS
It needs no god to help our wit so far.
ISMENE
Well, therefore they would fain acquire thee as a neighbour, in
a place where thou shalt not be thine own master.
OEDIPUS
Will they also shroud me in Theban dust?
ISMENE
Nay, the guilt of a kinsman's blood debars thee, father.
OEDIPUS
Then never shall they become my masters.
ISMENE
Some day, then, this shall be a grief for the Cadmeans.
OEDIPUS
In what conjuncture of events, my child?
ISMENE
By force of thy wrath, when they take their stand at thy tomb.
OEDIPUS
And who hath told thee what thou tellest, my child?
ISMENE
Sacred envoys, from the Delphian hearth.
OEDIPUS
And Phoebus hath indeed spoken thus concerning me?
ISMENE
So say the men who have come back to Thebes.
OEDIPUS
Hath either of my sons, then, heard this?
ISMENE
Yea, both have heard, and know it well.
OEDIPUS
And then those base ones, aware of this, held the kingship
dearer than the wish to recall me?
ISMENE
It grieves me to hear that, -but I must bear it.
OEDIPUS
Then may the gods quench not their fated strife, and may it become
mine to decide this warfare whereto they are now setting their
hands, spear against spear! For then neither should he abide who now
holds the sceptre and the throne, nor should the banished one ever
return; seeing that when I, their sire, was being thrust so shamefully
from my country, they hindered not, nor defended me; no, they saw me
sent forth homeless, they heard my doom of exile cried aloud.
Thou wilt say that it was mine own wish then, and that the city
meetly granted me that boon. No, verily: for in that first day, when
my soul was seething, and my darling wish was for death, aye, death by
stoning, no one was found to help me in that desire: but after a time,
when all my anguish was now assuaged, and when I began to feel that my
wrath had run too far in punishing those past errors, -then it was
that the city, on her part, went about to drive me perforce from the
land -after all that time; and my sons, when they might have brought
help -the sons to the sire -would not do it: no -for lack of one
little word from them, I was left to wander, an outcast and a beggar
evermore.
'Tis to these sisters, girls as they are, that, so far as nature
enables them, I owe my daily food, and a shelter in the land, and
the offices of kinship; the brothers have bartered their sire for a
throne, and sceptred sway, and rule of the realm. Nay, never shall
they win Oedipus for an ally, nor shall good ever come to them from
this reign at Thebes; that know I, when I hear this maiden's
oracles, and meditate on the old prophecies stored in mine own mind,
which Phoebus hath fulfilled for me at last.
Therefore let them send Creon to seek me, and whoso beside is
mighty in Thebes. For if ye, strangers, -with the championship of
the dread goddesses who dwell among your folk, -are willing to
succour, ye shall procure a great deliverer for this State, and
troubles for my foes.
LEADER
Right worthy art thou of compassion, Oedipus, thou, and these
maidens; and since to this plea thou addest thy power to save our
land, I fain would advise thee for thy weal.
OEDIPUS
Kind sir, be sure, then, that I will obey in all, -stand thou my
friend.
LEADER
Now make atonement to these deities, to whom thou hast first come,
and on whose ground thou hast trespassed.
OEDIPUS
With what rites? instruct me, strangers.
LEADER
First, from a perennial spring fetch holy drink-offerings, borne
in clean hands.
OEDIPUS
And when I have gotten this pure draught?
LEADER
Bowls there are, the work of a cunning craftsman: crown their
edges and the handles at either brim.
OEDIPUS
With branches, or woollen cloths, or in what wise?
LEADER
Take the freshly-shorn wool of an ewe-lamb.
OEDIPUS
Good; and then, -to what last rite shall I proceed?
LEADER
Pour thy drink-offerings, with thy face to the dawn.
OEDIPUS
With these vessels whereof thou speakest shall I pour them?
LEADER
Yea, in three streams; but empty the last vessel wholly.
OEDIPUS
Wherewith shall I fill this, ere I set it? Tell me this also.
LEADER
With water and honey; but bring no wine thereto.
OEDIPUS
And when the ground under the dark shade hath drunk of these?
LEADER
Lay on it thrice nine sprays of olive with both thine hands, and
make this prayer the while.
OEDIPUS
The prayer I fain would hear -'tis of chief moment.
LEADER
That, as we call them Benign Powers, with hearts benign they may
receive the suppliant for saving: be this the prayer, -thine own, or
his who prays for thee; speak inaudibly, and lift not up thy voice;
then retire, without looking behind. Thus do, and I would be bold to
stand by thee; but otherwise, stranger, I would fear for thee.
OEDIPUS
Daughters, hear ye these strangers, who dwell near?
ANTIGONE
We have listened; and do thou bid us what to do.
OEDIPUS
I cannot go; for I am disabled by lack of strength and lack of
sight, evils twain. But let one of you two go and do these things. For
I think that one soul suffices to pay this debt for ten thousand, if
it come with good will to the shrine. Act, then, with speed; yet leave
me not solitary; for the strength would fail me to move without help
or guiding hand.
ISMENE
Then I will go to perform the rite; but where I am to find the
spot-this I fain would learn.
LEADER
On the further side of this grove, maiden. And if thou hast need
of aught, there is a guardian of the place, who will direct thee.
ISMENE
So to my task: -but thou, Antigone, watch our father here. In
parents' cause, if toil there be, we must not reck of toil.
(ISMENE departs.)
-
CHORUS (chanting)
-
strophe 1
-
Dread is it, stranger, to arouse the old grief that hath so long
been laid to rest: and yet I yearn to hear...
OEDIPUS
What now?...
CHORUS
-of that grievous anguish, found cureless, wherewith thou hast
wrestled.
OEDIPUS
By thy kindness for a guest, bare not the shame that I have
suffered!
CHORUS
Seeing, in sooth, that the tale is wide-spread, and in no wise
wanes, I am fain, friend, to hear it aright.
OEDIPUS
Woe is me!
CHORUS
Be content, I pray thee!
OEDIPUS
Alas, alas!
CHORUS
Grant my wish, as I have granted thine in its fulness.
-
OEDIPUS
-
antistrophe 1
-
I have suffered misery, strangers, -suffered it through
unwitting deeds, and of those acts -be Heaven my witness! -no part was
of mine own choice.
CHORUS
But in what regard?
OEDIPUS
By an evil wedlock, Thebes bound me, all unknowing, to the bride
that was my curse....
CHORUS
Can it be, as I hear, that thou madest thy mother the partner of
thy bed, for its infamy?
OEDIPUS
Woe is me! Cruel as death, strangers, are these words in mine
ears; -but those maidens, begotten of me-
CHORUS
What wilt thou say?-
OEDIPUS
-two daughters -two curses-
CHORUS
O Zeus!
OEDIPUS
-sprang from the travail of the womb that bore me.
-
CHORUS
-
strophe 2
-
These, then, are at once thine offspring, and...
-
OEDIPUS
-yea, very sisters of their sire.
CHORUS
Oh, horror!
OEDIPUS
Horror indeed -yea, horrors untold sweep back upon my soul!
CHORUS
Thou hast suffered-
OEDIPUS
Suffered woes dread to bear.-
CHORUS
Thou hast sinned-
OEDIPUS
No wilful sin-
CHORUS
How?-
OEDIPUS
A gift was given to me -O, broken-hearted that I am, would I had
never won from Thebes that meed for having served her!
-
CHORUS
-
antistrophe 2
-
Wretch! How then? ... thine hand shed blood? ...
-
OEDIPUS
Wherefore this? What wouldst thou learn?
CHORUS
A father's blood?
OEDIPUS
Oh! oh! a second stab-wound on wound!
CHORUS
Slayer!
OEDIPUS
Aye, slayer -yet have I a plea-
CHORUS
What canst thou plead?-
OEDIPUS
-a plea in justice....
CHORUS
What?
OEDIPUS
Ye shall hear it; they whom I slew would have taken mine own life:
stainless before the law, void of malice, have I come unto this pass!
LEADER OF THE CHORUS
Lo, yonder cometh our prince, Theseus son of Aegeus, at thy voice,
to do the part whereunto he was summoned.
(THESEUS enters from the right of the spectators.)
THESEUS
Hearing from many in time past concerning the cruel marring of thy
sight, I have recognised thee, son of Laius; and now, through
hearsay in this my coming, I have the fuller certainty. For thy
garb, and that hapless face, alike assure me of thy name; and in all
compassion would I ask thee, ill-fated Oedipus, what is thy suit to
Athens or to me that thou hast taken thy place here, thou and the
hapless maiden at thy side. Declare it; dire indeed must be the
fortune told by thee, from which I should stand aloof; who know that I
myself also was reared in exile, like to thine, and in strange lands
wrestled with perils to my life, as no man beside. Never, then,
would I turn aside from a stranger, such as thou art now, or refuse to
aid in his deliverance; for well know I that I am a man, and that in
the morrow my portion is no greater than thine.
OEDIPUS
Theseus, thy nobleness hath in brief words shown such grace that
for me there is need to say but little. Thou hast rightly said who I
am, from what sire I spring, from what land I have come; and so nought
else remains for me but to speak my desire, -and the tale is told.
THESEUS
Even so -speak that -I fain would hear.
OEDIPUS
I come to offer thee my woe-worn body as a gift, -not goodly to
look upon; but the gains from it are better than beauty.
THESEUS
And what gain dost thou claim to have brought?
OEDIPUS
Hereafter thou shalt learn; not yet, I think.
THESEUS
At what time, then, will thy benefit be shown?
OEDIPUS
When I am dead, and thou hast given me burial.
THESEUS
Thou cravest life's last boon; for all between thou hast no
memory,-or no care.
OEDIPUS
Yea, for by that boon I reap all the rest.
THESEUS
Nay, then, this grace which thou cravest from me hath small
compass.
OEDIPUS
Yet give heed; this issue is no light one, -no, verily.
THESEUS
Meanest thou, as between thy sons and me?
OEDIPUS
King, they would fain convey me to Thebes.
THESEUS
But if to thy content, then for thee exile is not seemly.
OEDIPUS
Nay, when I was willing, they refused.
THESEUS
But, foolish man, temper in misfortune is not meet.
OEDIPUS
When thou hast heard my story, chide; till then, forbear.
THESEUS
Say on: I must not pronounce without knowledge.
OEDIPUS
I have suffered, Theseus, cruel wrong on wrong.
THESEUS
Wilt thou speak of the ancient trouble of thy race?
OEDIPUS
No, verily: that is noised throughout Hellas.
THESEUS
What, then, is thy grief that passeth the griefs of man?
OEDIPUS
Thus it is with me. From my country I have been driven by mine own
offspring; and my doom is to return no more, as guilty of a father's
blood.
THESEUS
How, then, should they fetch thee to them, if ye must dwell apart?
OEDIPUS
The mouth of the god will constrain them.
THESEUS
In fear of what woe foreshown?
OEDIPUS
That they must be smitten in this land.
THESEUS
And how should bitterness come between them and me?
OEDIPUS
Kind son of Aegeus, to the gods alone comes never old age or
death, but all else is confounded by all-mastering time. Earth's
strength decays, and the strength of the body; faith dies, distrust is
born; and the same spirit is never steadfast among friends, or betwixt
city and city; for, be it soon or be it late, men find sweet turn to
bitter, and then once more to love.
And if now all is sunshine between Thebes and thee, yet time, in
his untold course, gives birth to days and nights untold, wherein
for a small cause they shall sunder with the spear that plighted
concord of to-day; when my slumbering and buried corpse, cold in
death, shall one day drink their warm blood, if Zeus is still Zeus,
and Phoebus, the son of Zeus, speaks true.
But, since I would not break silence touching mysteries, suffer me
to cease where I began; only make thine own word good, and never shalt
thou say that in vain didst thou welcome Oedipus to dwell in this
realm, -unless the gods cheat my hope.
LEADER
King, from the first yon man hath shown the mind to perform
these promises, or the like, for our land.
THESEUS
Who, then, would reject the friendship of such an one? -to whom,
first, the hearth of an ally is ever open, by mutual right, among
us; and then he hath come as a suppliant to our gods, fraught with
no light recompense for this land and for me. In reverence for these
claims, I will never spurn his grace, but will establish him as a
citizen in the land. And if it is the stranger's pleasure to abide
here, I will charge you to guard him; or if to come with me be more
pleasing, -this choice, or that, Oedipus, thou canst take; thy will
shall be mine.
OEDIPUS
O Zeus, mayest thou be good unto such men!
THESEUS
What wouldst thou, then? wouldst thou come to my house?
OEDIPUS
Yea, were it lawful; -but this is the place-
THESEUS
What art thou to do here? I will not thwart thee.
OEDIPUS
-where I shall vanquish those who cast me forth,
THESEUS
Great were this promised boon from thy presence.
OEDIPUS
It shall be -if thy pledge is kept with me indeed.
THESEUS
Fear not touching me; never will I fail thee.
OEDIPUS
I will not bind thee with an oath, as one untrue.
THESEUS
Well, thou wouldst win nought more than by my word.
OEDIPUS
How wilt thou act, then?
THESEUS
What may be thy fear?
OEDIPUS
Men will come-
THESEUS
Nay, these will look to that.
OEDIPUS
Beware lest, if thou leave me-
THESEUS
Teach me not my part.
OEDIPUS
Fear constrains-
THESEUS
My heart feels not fear.
OEDIPUS
Thou knowest not the threats-
THESEUS
I know that none shall take thee hence in my despite. Oft have
threats blustered, in men's wrath, with threatenings loud and vain;
but when the mind is lord of himself once more, the threats are
gone. And for yon men, haply, -aye, though they have waxed bold to
speak dread things of bringing thee back, -the sundering waters will
prove wide, and hard to sail. Now I would have thee be of a good
courage, apart from any resolve of mine. if indeed Phoebus hath sent
thee on thy way; still, though I be not here, my name, I wot, will
shield thee from harm.
(THESEUS departs.)
CHORUS (singing)
-
strophe 1
-
Stranger, in this land of goodly steeds thou hast come to
earth's fairest home, even to our white Colonus; where the
nightingale, constant guest, trills her clear note in the covert of
green glades, dwelling amid the wine-dark ivy and the god's
inviolate bowers, rich in berries and fruit, unvisited by sun, unvexed
by wind of any storm; where the reveller Dionysus ever walks the
ground, companion of the nymphs that nursed him.
-
antistrophe 1
-
And, fed of heavenly dew, the narcissus blooms morn by morn with
fair clusters, crown of the Great Goddesses from of yore; and the
crocus blooms with golden beam. Nor fail the sleepless founts whence
the waters of Cephisus wander, but each day with stainless tide he
moveth over the plains of the land's swelling bosom, for the giving of
quick increase; nor hath the Muses' quire abhorred this place, nor
Aphrodite of the golden rein.
-
strophe 2
-
And a thing there is such as I know not by fame on Asian ground,
or as ever born in the great Dorian isle of Pelops, -a growth
unconquered, self-renewing, a terror to the spears of the foemen, a
growth which mightily flourishes in this land, -the grey-leafed olive,
nurturer of children. Youth shall not mar it by the ravage of his
hand, nor any who dwells with old age; for the sleepless eye of the
Morian Zeus beholds it, and the grey-eyed Athena.
-
antistrophe 2
-
And another praise have I to tell for this the city our mother,
the gift of a great god, a glory of the land most high; the might of
horses, the might of young horses, the might of the sea.
For thou, son of Cronus, our lord Poseidon, hast throned her in
this pride, since in these roads first thou didst show forth the
curb that cures the rage of steeds. And the shapely oar, apt to
men's hands, hath a wondrous speed on the brine, following the
hundred-footed Nereids.
ANTIGONE
O land that art praised above all lands, now is it for thee to
make those bright praises seen in deeds!
OEDIPUS
What new thing hath chanced, my daughter?
ANTIGONE
Yonder Creon draws near us, -not without followers, father.
OEDIPUS
Ah, kind elders, now give me, I pray you, the final proof of my
safety!
LEADER OF THE CHORUS
Fear not -it shall be thine. If I am aged, this country's strength
hath not grown old.
(CREON enters with a train of attendants.)
CREON
Sirs, noble dwellers in this land, I see that a sudden fear hath
troubled your eyes at my coming; but shrink not from me, and let no
ungentle word escape you.
I am here with no thought of force;-I am old, and I know that
the city whereunto I have come is mighty, if any in Hellas hath might;
-no, -I have been sent, in these my years, to plead with yonder man
that he return with me to the land of Cadmus; -not one man's envoy
am I, but with charge from our people all; since 'twas mine, by
kinship, to mourn his woes as no Theban beside.
Nay, unhappy Oedipus, hear us, and come home! Rightfully art
thou called by all the Cadmean folk, and in chief by me, even as I
-unless I am the basest of all men born -chiefly sorrow for thine
ills, old man, when I see thee, hapless one, a stranger and a wanderer
evermore, roaming in beggary, with one handmaid for thy stay. Alas,
I had not thought that she could fall to such a depth of misery as
that whereunto she hath fallen -yon hapless girl! -while she ever
tends thy dark life amid penury,-in ripe youth, but unwed, -a prize
for the first rude hand.
Is it not a cruel reproach -alas! -that I have cast at thee, and
me, and all our race? But indeed an open shame cannot be hid; then -in
the name of thy fathers' gods, hearken to me, Oedipus! -hide it
thou, by consenting to return to the city and the house of thy
fathers, after a kindly farewell to this State, -for she is worthy:
yet thine own hath the first claim on thy piety, since 'twas she
that nurtured thee of old.
OEDIPUS
All-daring, who from any plea of right wouldst draw a crafty
device, why dost thou attempt me thus, and seek once more to take me
in the toils where capture would be sorest? In the old days -when,
distempered by my self-wrought woes, I yearned to be cast out of the
land -thy will went not with mine to grant the boon. But when my
fierce grief had spent its force, and the seclusion of the house was
sweet, then wast thou for thrusting me from the house and from the
land -nor had this kinship any dearness for thee then; and now,
again-when thou seest that I have kindly welcome from this city and
from all her sons, thou seekest to pluck me away, wrapping hard
thoughts in soft words. And yet what joy is there here, -in kindness
shown to us against our will? As if a man should give thee no gift,
bring thee no aid, when thou wast fain of the boon; but after thy
soul's desire was sated, should grant it then, when the grace could be
gracious no more: wouldst thou not find that pleasure vain? Yet such
are thine own offers unto me, -good in name, but in their substance
evil.
And I will declare it to these also, that I may show thee false.
Thou hast come to fetch me, not that thou mayest take me home, but
that thou mayest plant me near thy borders, and so thy city may escape
unscathed by troubles from this land. That portion is not for thee,
but this, -my curse upon the country, ever abiding therein; -and for
my sons, this heritage -room enough in my realm wherein -to die.
Am I not wiser than thou in the fortunes of Thebes? Yea, wiser
far, as truer are the sources of my knowledge, even Phoebus, and his
father, Zeus most high. But thou hast come hither with fraud on thy
lips, yea, with tongue keener than the edge of the sword; yet by thy
pleading thou art like to reap more woe than weal. Howbeit, I know
that I persuade the not of this, -go! -and suffer us to live here; for
even in this plight out life would not be evil, so were we content
therewith.
CREON
Which, thinkest thou, most suffers in this parley, -I by thy
course, or thou by thine own?
OEDIPUS
For me, 'tis enough if thy pleading fails, as with me, so with yon
men who are nigh.
CREON
Unhappy man, shall it be seen that not even thy years have brought
thee wit? Must thou live to be the reproach of age?
OEDIPUS
Thou hast a ready tongue, but I know not the honest man who
hath fair words for every cause.
CREON
Words may be many, and yet may miss their aim.
OEDIPUS
As if thine, forsooth, were few, but aimed aright.
CREON
No, truly, for one whose wit is such as thine.
OEDIPUS
Depart -for I will say it in the name of yon men also! -and
beset me not with jealous watch in the place where I am destined to
abide.
CREON
These men -not thee -call I to witness: but, as for the strain
of thine answer to thy kindred, if ever I take thee-
OEDIPUS
And who could take me in despite of these allies?
CREON
I promise thee, thou soon shalt smart without that.
OEDIPUS
Where is the deed which warrants that blustering word?
CREON
One of thy two daughters hath just been seized by me, and sent
hence, -the other I will remove forthwith.
OEDIPUS
Woe is me!
CREON
More woeful thou wilt find it soon.
OEDIPUS
Thou hast my child?
CREON
And will have this one ere long.
OEDIPUS
Alas! friends, what will ye do? Will ye forsake me? will ye not
drive the godless man from this land?
LEADER
Hence, stranger, hence -begone! Unrighteous is thy present
deed-unrighteous the deed which thou hast done.
CREON (to his attendants)
'Twere time for you to lead off yon girl perforce, if she will not
go of her free will.
ANTIGONE
Wretched that I am! whither shall I fly? -where find help from
gods or men?
LEADER (threateningly, to CREON)
What wouldst thou, stranger?
CREON
I will not touch yon man, but her who is mine
OEDIPUS
O, elders of the land!
LEADER
Stranger, -thy deed is not just.
CREON
'Tis just.
LEADER
How just?
CREON
I take mine own.
(He lays his hand on ANTIGONE.)
OEDIPUS
-
strophe
-
Hear, O Athens!
CHORUS
What wouldst thou, stranger? Release her! Thy strength, and
ours, will soon be proved.
(They approach him with threatening gestures.)
CREON
Stand back!
CHORUS
Not from thee, while this is thy purpose.
CREON
Nay, 'twill be war with Thebes for thee, if thou harm me.
OEDIPUS
Said I not so?
CHORUS
Unhand the maid at once!
CREON
Command not where thou art not master.
CHORUS
Leave hold, I tell thee!
CREON
(to one of his guards, who at a signal seizes ANTIGONE)
And I tell thee -begone!
CHORUS
To the rescue, men of Colonus -to the rescue! Athens -yea,
Athens-is outraged with the strong hand! Hither, hither to our help!
ANTIGONE
They drag me hence -ah me! -friends, friends!
OEDIPUS (blindly seeking for her)
Where art thou, my child?
ANTIGONE
I am taken by force
OEDIPUS
Thy hands, my child!-
ANTIGONE
Nay, I am helpless.
CREON (to his guards)
Away with you!
OEDIPUS
Ah me, ah me!
(The guards lead ANTIGONE off.)
CREON
So those two crutches shall never more prop thy steps. But since
'tis thy will to worst thy country and thy friends -whose mandate,
though prince, I here discharge -then be that victory thine. For
hereafter, I wot, thou wilt come to know all this, -that now, as in
time past, thou hast done thyself no good, when, in despite of
friends, thou hast indulged anger, which is ever thy bane.
(He turns to follow his guards.)
LEADER
Hold, stranger!
CREON
Hands off, I say
LEADER
I will not let thee go, unless thou give back the maidens.
CREON
Then wilt thou soon give Thebes a still dearer prize: -I will
seize more than those two girls.
LEADER
What -whither wilt thou turn?
CREON
Yon man shall be my captive.
LEADER
A valiant threat!
CREON
'Twill forthwith be a deed.
LEADER
Aye, unless the ruler of this realm hinder thee.
OEDIPUS
Shameless voice! Wilt thou indeed touch me?
CREON
Be silent!
OEDIPUS
Nay, may the powers of this place suffer me to utter yet this
curse! Wretch, who, when these eyes were dark, hast reft from me by
force the helpless one who was mine eyesight! Therefore to thee and to
thy race may the Sun-god, the god who sees all things, yet grant an
old age such as mine!
CREON
See ye this, people of the land?
OEDIPUS
They see both me and thee; they know that my wrongs are deeds, and
my revenge -but breath.
CREON
I will not curb my wrath -nay, alone though I am, and slow with
age, I'll take yon man by force.
(He approaches OEDIPUS as if to seize him.)
OEDIPUS
-
antistrophe
-
Woe is me!
CHORUS
'Tis a bold spirit that thou hast brought with thee, stranger,
if thou thinkest to achieve this.
CREON
I do.
CHORUS
Then will I deem Athens a city no more.
CREON
In a just cause the weak vanquishes the strong.
OEDIPUS
Hear ye his words?
CHORUS
Yea, words which he shall not turn to deeds, Zeus knows!
CREON
Zeus haply knows -thou dost not.
CHORUS
Insolence!
CREON
Insolence which thou must bear.
CHORUS
What ho, people, rulers of the land, ho, hither with all speed,
hither I These men are on their way to cross our borders!
(THESEUS enters with his attendants in haste.)
THESEUS
What means this shout? What is the trouble? What fear can have
moved you to stay my sacrifice at the altar unto the sea-god, the lord
of your Colonus? Speak, that I may know all, since therefore have I
sped hither with more than easeful speed of foot.
OEDIPUS
Ah, friend, -I know thy voice, -yon man, but now, hath done me
foul wrong.
THESEUS
What is that wrong? And who hath wrought it? Speak!
OEDIPUS
Creon, whom thou seest there, hath torn away from me my two
children, -mine all.
THESEUS
What dost thou tell me?
OEDIPUS
Thou hast heard my wrong.
THESEUS (to his attendants)
Haste, one of you, to the altars yonder, -Constrain the folk to
leave the sacrifice, and to speed -footmen, -horsemen all, with
slack rein, -to the region where the two highways meet, lest the
maidens pass, and I become a mockery to this stranger, as one
spoiled by force. Away, I tell thee- quick!- (Some guards go out.
Turning towards CREON) As for yon man -if my wrath went as far as
he deserves -I would not have suffered him to go scatheless from my
hand. But now such law as he himself hath brought, and no other, shall
be the rule for his correction.- (Addressing CREON) Thou shalt not
quit this land until thou bring those maidens, and produce them in
my sight; for thy deed is a disgrace to me, and to thine own race, and
to thy country. Thou hast come unto a city that observes justice,
and sanctions nothing without law,- yet thou hast put her lawful
powers aside,- thou hast made this rude inroad,- thou art taking
captives at thy pleasure, and snatching prizes by violence, as in
the belief that my city was void of men, or manned by slaves, and I- a
thing of nought.
Yet 'tis not by Theban training that thou art base; Thebes is
not wont to rear unrighteous sons; nor would she praise thee, if she
learned that thou art spoiling me,- yea spoiling the gods, when by
force thou leadest off their hapless suppliants. Now, were my foot
upon thy soil, never would I wrest or plunder, without licence from
the ruler of the, land, whoso he might be- no, though my claim were of
all claims most just: I should know how an alien ought to live among
citizens. But thou art shaming a city that deserves it not, even thine
own; and the fulness of thy years brings thee an old age bereft of
wit.
I have said, then, and I say it once again- let the maidens be
brought hither with all speed, unless thou wouldst sojourn in this
land by no free choice;-and this I tell thee from my soul, as with
my lips.
LEADER OF THE CHORUS
Seest thou thy plight, O stranger? Thou art deemed to come of a
just race; but thy deeds are found evil.
CREON
Not counting this city void of manhood, son of Aegeus, nor of
counsel, -as thou sayest, -have I wrought this deed; but because I
judged that its folk could never be so enamoured of my kinsfolk as
to foster them against my will. And I knew that this people would
not receive a parricide, -a polluted man, -a man with whom had been
found the unholy bride of her son. Such the wisdom, I knew, that
dwells on the Mount of Ares in their land; which suffers not such
wanderers to dwell within this realm. In that faith, I sought to
take this prize. Nor had I done so, but that he was calling down
bitter curses on me, and on my race; when, being so wronged, I
deemed that I had warrant for this requital. For anger knows no old
age, till death come; the dead alone feel no smart.
Therefore thou shalt act as seems to thee good; for, though my
cause is just, the lack of aid makes me weak: yet, old though I am,
I will endeavour to meet deed with deed.
OEDIPUS
O shameless soul, where, thinkest thou, falls this thy taunt,
-on my age, or on thine own? Bloodshed -incest -misery -all this thy
lips have launched against me, -all this that I have borne, woe is me!
by no choice of mine: for such was the pleasure of the gods, wroth,
haply, with the race from of old. Take me alone, and thou couldst find
no sin to upbraid me withal, in quittance whereof I was driven to
sin thus against myself and against my kin. Tell me, now, -if, by
voice of oracle, some divine doom was coming on my sire, that he
should die by a son's hand, how couldst thou justly reproach me
therewith, who was then unborn, -whom no sire had yet begotten, no
mother's womb conceived? And if, when born to woe -as I was born -I
met my sire in strife, and slew him, all ignorant what I was doing,
and to whom, -how couldst thou justly blame the unknowing deed?
And my mother -wretch, hast thou no shame in forcing me to speak
of her nuptials, when she was thy sister, and they such as I will
now tell -for verily I will not be silent, when thou hast gone so
far in impious speech. Yea, she was my mother, -oh, misery! -my
mother, -I knew it not, nor she -and, for her shame, bare children
to the son whom she had borne. But one thing, at least, I know,
-that thy will consents thus to revile her and me; but not of my
free will did I wed her, and not of free will do I speak now.
Nay, not in this marriage shall I be called guilty, nor in that
slaying of my sire which thou ever urgest against me with bitter
reviling. Answer me but one thing that I ask thee. If, here and now,
one should come up and seek to slay thee -thee, the righteous -wouldst
thou ask if the murderer was thy father, or wouldst thou reckon with
him straightway? I think, as thou lovest thy life, thou wouldst
requite the culprit, nor look around thee for thy warrant. But such
the plight into which I came, led by gods; and in this, could my
sire come back to life, methinks he would not gain-say me.
Yet thou, -for thou art not a just man, but one who holds all
things meet to utter, knowing no barrier betwixt speech and silence
-thou tauntest me in such wise, before yon men. And thou findest it
timely to flatter the renowned Theseus, and Athens, saying how well
her State hath been ordered: yet, while giving such large praise, thou
forgettest this, -that if any land knows how to worship the gods
with due rites, this land excels therein; whence thou hadst planned to
steal me, the suppliant, the old man, and didst seek to seize me,
and hast already carried off my daughters. Wherefore I now call on yon
goddesses, I supplicate them, I adjure them with prayers, to bring
me help and to fight in my cause, that thou mayest learn well by
what manner of men this realm is guarded.
LEADER
The stranger is a good man, O king; his fate hath been accurst;
but 'tis worthy of our succour.
THESEUS
Enough of words: -the doers of the deed are in flight, while we,
the sufferers, stand still.
CREON
What, then, wouldst thou have a helpless man to do?
THESEUS
Show the way in their track, -while I escort thee, -that, if in
these regions thou hast the maidens of our quest, thou thyself
mayest discover them to me; but if thy men are fleeing with the
spoil in their grasp, we may spare our trouble; the chase is for
others, from whom they will never escape out of this land, to thank
their gods.
Come, -forward! The spoiler hath been spoiled, I tell thee -Fate
hath taken the hunter in the toils; gains got by wrongful arts are
soon lost. And thou shalt have no ally in thine aim, for well wot I
that not without accomplice or resource hast thou gone to such a
length of violence in the daring mood which hath inspired thee here:
no, -there was some one in whom thou wast trusting when thou didst
essay these deeds. And to this I must look, nor make this city
weaker than one man. Dost thou take my drift? Or seem these words as
vain as seemed the warnings when thy deed was still a-planning?
CREON
Say what thou wilt while thou art here, -I will not cavil: but
at home I, too, will know how to act.
THESEUS
For the present, threaten, but go forward. -Do thou, Oedipus, stay
here in peace, I pray thee, -with my pledge that, unless I die before,
I will not cease till I put thee in possession of thy children.
OEDIPUS
Heaven reward thee, Theseus, for thy nobleness, and thy loyal care
in my behalf!
-
(THESEUS and attendants, with CREON, go out on spectators' left.)
-
CHORUS (singing)
-
strophe 1
-
Oh, to be where the foeman, turned to bay, will soon join in the
brazen clangour of battle, haply by the shores loved of Apollo,
haply by that torch-lit strand where the Great Goddesses cherish dread
rites for mortals, on whose lips the ministrant Eumolpidae have laid
the precious seal of silence; where, methinks, the war-waking
Theseus and the captives twain, the sister maids, will soon meet
within our borders, amid a war-cry of men strong to save!
-
antistrophe 1
-
Or perchance they will soon draw nigh to the pastures on the
west of Oea's snowy rock, borne on horses in their flight, or in
chariots racing at speed.
Creon will be worsted! Terrible are the warriors of Colonus, and
the followers of Theseus are terrible in their might. Yea, the steel
of every bridle flashes, -with slack bridle-rein all the knighthood
rides apace that worships our Queen of Chivalry, Athena, and the
earth-girdling Sea-god, the son of Rhea's love.
-
strophe 2
-
Is the battle now, or yet to be? For somehow my soul woos me to
the hope that soon I shall be face to face with the maidens thus
sorely tried, thus sorely visited by the hand of a kinsman.
To-day, to-day, Zeus will work some great thing: I have presage of
victory in the strife. O to be a dove with swift strength as of the
storm, that I might reach an airy cloud, with gaze lifted above the
fray!
-
antistrophe 2
-
Hear, all-ruling lord of heaven, all-seeing Zeus! Enable the
guardians of this land, in might triumphant, to achieve the capture
that gives the prize to their hands! So grant thy daughter also, our
dread Lady, Pallas Athena! And Apollo, the hunter, and his sister, who
follows the dappled, swift-footed deer -fain am I that they should
come, a twofold strength, to this land and to her people.
LEADER OF THE CHORUS
Ah, wanderer friend, thou wilt not have to tax thy watcher with
false augury, -for yonder I see the maidens drawing near with an
escort.
OEDIPUS
Where -where? How? What sayest thou?
-
(ANTIGONE and ISMENE enter, with THESEUS
and his attendants, on the spectators' left.)
-
ANTIGONE
O father, father, that some god would suffer thine eyes to see
this noble man, who hath brought us here to thee!
OEDIPUS
My child!-ye are here indeed?
ANTIGONE
Yea, for these strong arms have saved us -Theseus, and his
trusty followers.
OEDIPUS
Come ye hither, my child, -let me embrace you -restored beyond all
hope!
ANTIGONE
Thy wish shall be granted -we crave what we bestow.
OEDIPUS
Where, then, where are ye?
ANTIGONE
Here approaching thee together.
OEDIPUS
My darlings!
ANTIGONE
A father loves his own.
OEDIPUS
Props of mine age!
ANTIGONE
And sharers of thy sorrow.
OEDIPUS
I hold my dear ones; and now, should I die, I were not wholly
wretched, since ye have come to me. Press close to me on either
side, children, cleave to your sire, and repose from this late
roaming, so forlorn, so grievous! And tell me what hath passed as
shortly as ye may; brief speech sufficeth for young maidens.
ANTIGONE
Here is our deliverer: from him thou shouldst hear the story,
father, since his is the deed; so shall my part be brief.
OEDIPUS
Sir, marvel not, if with such yearning I prolong my words unto
my children, found again beyond my hope. For well I wot that this
joy in respect of them hath come to me from thee, and thee alone: thou
hast rescued them, and no man beside. And may the gods deal with
thee after my wish, -with thee, and with this land; for among you,
above all human kind, have I found the fear of heaven, and the
spirit of fairness, and the lips that lie not. I know these things,
which with these words I requite; for what I have, I have through
thee, and no man else.
Stretch forth thy right hand, O king, I pray thee, that I may
touch it, and, if 'tis lawful, kiss thy cheek. -But what am I
saying? Unhappy as have become, how could I wish thee to touch one
with whom all stain of sin hath made its dwelling? No, not I, -nor
allow thee, if thou wouldst. They alone can share this burden, to whom
it hath come home. -Receive my greeting where thou standest; and in
the future still give me thy loyal care, as thou hast given it to this
hour.
THESEUS
No marvel is it to me, if thou hast shown some mind to large
discourse, for joy in these thy children, and if thy first care hath
been for their words, rather than for me; indeed, there is nought to
vex me in that. Not in words so much as deeds would I make the
lustre of my life. Thou hast the proof; I have failed in nothing of my
sworn faith to thee, old man; here am I, with the maidens living, -yea
scatheless of those threats. And how the fight was won, what need that
I should idly boast, when thou wilt learn it from these maidens in
converse?
But there is a matter that hath newly chanced to me, as I came
hither; lend me thy counsel thereon, for, small though it be, 'tis
food for wonder; and mortal man should deem nothing beneath his care.
OEDIPUS
What is it, son of Aegeus? Tell me; -I myself know nought of
that whereof thou askest.
THESEUS
A man, they say, -not thy countryman, yet thy kinsman, -hath
somehow cast himself, a suppliant, at our altar of Poseidon, where I
was sacrificing when I first set out hither.
OEDIPUS
Of what land is he? What craves he by the supplication?
THESEUS
I know one thing only; they say, he asks brief speech with thee,
which shall not irk thee much.
OEDIPUS
On what theme? That suppliant posture is not trivial.
THESEUS
He asks, they say, no more than that he may confer with thee,
and re. turn unharmed from his journey hither.
OEDIPUS
Who can he be who thus implores the god?
THESEUS
Look if ye have any kinsman at Argos, who might crave this boon on
thee.
OEDIPUS
O friend! Say no word more!
THESEUS
What ails thee?
OEDIPUS
Ask it not of me-
THESEUS
Ask what? Speak!
OEDIPUS
By those words I know who is the suppliant.
THESEUS
And who can he be, against whom I should have a grief?
OEDIPUS
My son, O king, -the hated son whose words would vex mine ear as
the words of no man beside.
THESEUS
What? Canst thou not listen, without doing what thou wouldst
not? Why should it pain thee to hear him?
OEDIPUS
Most hateful, king, hath that voice become to his sire:- lay me
not under constraint to yield in this.
THESEUS
But think whether his suppliant state constrains thee: what if
thou hast a duty of respect for the god?
ANTIGONE
Father, hearken to me, though I be young who counsel. Allow the
king to gratify his own heart, and to gratify the god as he wishes;
and, for thy daughter's sake, allow our brother to come. For he will
not pluck the perforce from thy resolve, -never fear, -by such words
as shall not be spoken for thy good. But to hear him speak, -what harm
can be in that? Ill-devised deeds, thou knowest, are bewrayed by
speech. Thou art his sire; so that, e'en if he were to wrong thee with
the most impious of foul wrongs, my father, it is not lawful for
thee to wrong him again.
Oh, let him come: other men, also, have evil offspring, and are
swift to wrath; but they hear advice, and are charmed from their
mood by the gentle spells of friends.
Look thou to the past, not to the present, -think on all that thou
hast borne through sire and mother; and if thou considerest those
things, well I wot, thou wilt discern how evil is the end that waits
on evil wrath; not slight are thy reasons to think thereon, bereft, as
thou art, of the sight that returns no more.
Nay, yield to us! It is not seemly for just suitors to sue long;
it is not seemly that a man should receive good, and thereafter lack
the mind to requite it.
OEDIPUS
My child, 'tis sore for me, this pleasure that ye win from me by
your pleading; -but be it as ye will. Only, if that man is to come
hither,- friend, let no one ever become master of my life!
THESEUS
I need not to hear such words more than once, old man: -I would
not boast; but be sure that thy life is safe, while any god saves
mine.
(THESEUS goes out, to the right of the spectators.)
CHORUS (singing)
-
strophe
-
Whoso craves the ampler length of life, not content to desire
modest span, him will I judge with no uncertain voice; he cleaves to
folly.
For the long days lay up full many things nearer unto grief than
joy; but as for thy delights, their place shall know them no more.
when a man's life hath lapsed beyond the fitting term; and the
Deliverer comes at the last to all alike, -when the doom of Hades is
suddenly revealed, without marriage-song, or lyre, or dance, -even
Death at the last.
-
antistrophe
-
Not to be born is, past all prizing, best; but, when a man hath
seen the light, this is next best by far, that with all speed he
should go thither, whence he hath come.
For when he hath seen youth go by, with its light follies, what
troublous affliction is strange to his lot, what suffering is not
therein? -envy, factions, strife, battles and slaughters; and, last of
all, age claims him for her own, -age, dispraised, infirm, unsociable,
unfriended, with whom all woe of woe abides.
-
epode
-
In such years is yon hapless one, not I alone: and as some cape
that fronts the North is lashed on every side by the waves of
winter, so he also is fiercely lashed evermore by the dread troubles
that break on him like billows, some from the setting of the sun, some
from the rising, some in the region of the noon-tide beam, some from
the gloom-wrapped hills of the North.
ANTIGONE
Lo, yonder, methinks, I see the stranger coming hither, -yea,
withoui attendants, my father, -the tears streaming from his eyes.
OEDIPUS
Who is he?
ANTIGONE
The same who was in our thoughts from the first; -Polyneices
hath come to us.
(POLYNEICES enters, on the spectators' left.)
POLYNEICES
Ah me, what shall I do? Whether shall I weep first for mine own
sorrows, sisters, or for mine aged sire's, as I see them yonder?
Whom I have found in a strange land, an exile here with you twain,
clad in such raiment, whereof the foul squalor hath dwelt with that
aged form so long, a very blight upon his flesh, -while above the
sightless eyes the unkempt hair flutters in the breeze; and matching
with these things, meseems, is the food that he carries, hapless
one, against hunger's pinch.
Wretch that I am! I learn all this too late: and I bear witness
that am proved the vilest of men in all that touches care for thee:
-from mint own lips hear what I am. But, seeing that Zeus himself,
in all that he doeth, hath Mercy for the sharer of his throne, may she
come to thy side also, my father; for the faults can be healed, but
can never more be made worse.
(A pause)
Why art thou silent?... 9 Speak, father: -turn not away from me.
Hast thou not even an answer for me? Wilt thou dismiss me in mute
scorn, without telling wherefore thou art wroth?
O ye, his daughters, sisters mine, strive ye, at least, to move
our sire's implacable, inexorable silence, that he send me not away
dishonoured,-who am the suppliant of the god, -in such wise as this,
with no word of response.
ANTIGONE
Tell him thyself, unhappy one, what thou hast come to seek. As
words flow, perchance they touch to joy, perchance they glow with
anger, or with tenderness, and so they somehow give a voice to the
dumb.
POLYNEICES
Then will I speak boldly, -for thou dost admonish me well, -first
claiming the help of the god himself, from whose altar the king of
this land raised me, that I might come hither, with warranty to
speak and hear, and go my way unharmed. And I will crave, strangers,
that these pledges be kept with me by you, and by my sisters here, and
by my sire.-But now I would fain tell thee, father, why I came.
I have been driven, an exile, from my fatherland, because, as
eldest-born, I claimed to sit in thy sovereign seat. Wherefore
Eteocles, though the younger, thrust me from the land, when he had
neither worsted me in argument, nor come to trial of might and deed,
-no, but won the city over. And of this I deem it most likely that the
curse on thy house is the cause; then from soothsayers also I so hear.
For when I came to Dorian Argos, I took the daughter of Adrastus to
wife; and I bound to me by oath all of the Apian land who are foremost
in renown of war, that with them I might levy the sevenfold host of
spearmen against Thebes, and die in my just cause, or cast the doers
of this wrong from the realm.
Well, and wherefore have I come hither now? With suppliant
prayers. my father, unto thee -mine own, and the prayers of mine
allies, who now, with seven hosts behind their seven spears, have
set their leaguer round the plain of Thebes; of whom is
swift-speared Amphiaraus, matchless warrior, matchless augur; then the
son of Oeneus, Aetolian Tydeus; Eteoclus third, of Argive birth; the
fourth, Hippomedon, sent by Talaos, his sire; while Capaneus, the
fifth, vaunts that he will burn Thebes with fire, unto the ground; and
sixth, Arcadian Parthenopaeus rushes to the war, named from that
virgin of other days whose marriage in after time gave him birth,
trusty son of Atalanta. Last, I, thy son, -Or if not thine, but
offspring of an evil fate, yet thine at least in name, -lead the
fearless host of Argos unto Thebes.
And we, by these thy children and by thy life, my father,
implore the all, praying thee to remit thy stern wrath against me,
as I go forth to chastise my brother, who hath thrust me out and
robbed me of my fatherland. For if aught of truth is told by orcles,
they said that victory should be with those whom thou shouldst join.
Then, by our fountains and by the gods of our race, I ask thee
to hearken and to yield; a beggar and an exile am I, an exile thou; by
court to -others we have a home, both thou and I, sharers of one doom;
while he, king in the house -woe is me! -mocks in his pride at thee
and me alike. But, if thou assist my purpose, small toil or time,
and I will scatter his strength to the winds: and so will I bring thee
and stablish thee in thine own house, and stablish myself when I
have cast him out by force. Be thy will with me, and that boast may be
mine: without thee, I cannot e'en return alive.
LEADER OF THE CHORUS
For his sake who hath sent him, Oedipus, speak, as seems thee
good, ere thou send the man away.
OEDIPUS
Nay, then, my friends, guardians of this land, were not Theseus he
who had sent him hither to me, desiring that he should have my
response, never should he have heard this voice. But now he shall be
graced with it, ere he go, -yea, and hear from me such words as
shall never gladden his life: -villain, who when thou hadst the
sceptre and the throne, which now thy brother hath in Thebes,
dravest me, thine own father, into exile, and madest me citiless,
and madest me to wear this garb which now thou weepest to behold, when
thou hast come unto the same stress of misery as I. The time for tears
is past: no, I must bear this burden while I live, ever thinking of
thee as of a murderer; for 'tis thou that hast brought my days to this
anguish, 'tis thou that hast thrust me out; to thee I owe it that I
wander, begging my daily bread from strangers. And, had these
daughters not been born to be my comfort, verily I had been dead,
for aught of help from thee. Now, these girls preserve me, these my
nurses, these who are men, not women, in true service: but ye are
aliens, and no sons of mine.
Therefore the eyes of Fate look upon thee-not yet as they will
look anon, if indeed those hosts are moving against Thebes. Never
canst thou overthrow that city; no, first shalt thou fall stained with
bloodshed, and thy brother likewise. Such the curses that my soul sent
forth before against you twain, and such do I now invoke to fight
for me, that ye may deem it meet to revere parents, nor scorn your
father utterly, because he is sightless who begat such sons; for these
maidens did not thus. So my curses have control of thy
'supplication' and thy 'throne,' -if indeed justice, revealed from
of old, sits with Zeus in the might of the eternal laws.
And thou -begone, abhorred of me, and unfathered! -begone, thou
vilest of the vile, and with thee take these my curses which I call
down on thee -never to vanquish the land of thy race, no, nor ever
return to hill-girt Argos, but by a kindred hand to die, and slay
him by whom thou hast been driven out. Such is my prayer; and I call
the paternal darkness of dread Tartarus to take thee unto another
home, -I call the spirits of this place, -I call the Destroying God,
who hath set that dreadful hatred in you twain. Go, with these words
in thine ears -go, and publish it to the Cadmeans all, yea, and to
thine own staunch allies, that Oedipus hath divided such honours to
his sons.
LEADER
Polyneices, in thy past goings I take no joy; and now go thy way
with speed.
POLYNEICES
Alas, for my journey and my baffled hope: alas, for my comrades'
What an end was that march to have, whereon we sallied forth from
Argos: woe is me! -aye, such an end, that I may not even utter it to
any of my companions, or turn them back, but must go in silence to
meet this doom.
Ah ye, his daughters and my sisters, -since ye hear these hard
prayers of your sire, -if this father's curses be fulfilled, and
some way of return to Thebes be found for you, oh, as ye fear the
gods, do not, for your part, dishonour me,- nay, give me burial, and
due funeral rites. And so the praise which ye now win from yonder man,
for your service, shall be increased by another praise not less, by
reason of the office wrought for me.
ANTIGONE
Polyneices, I entreat thee, hear me in one thing!
POLYNEICES
What is it, dearest Antigone? Speak!
ANTIGONE
Turn thy host back to Argos, -aye, with all speed, -and destroy
not thyself and Thebes.
POLYNEICES
Nay, it cannot be: for how again could I lead the same host,
when once I had blenched?
ANTIGONE
But why, my brother, should thine anger rise again? What gain is
promised thee in destroying thy native city?
POLYNEICES
'Tis shame to be an exile, and, eldest born as I am, to be thus
mocked on my brother's part.
ANTIGONE
Seest thou, then, to what sure fulfilment thou art bringing his
prophecies, who bodes mutual slaying for you twain?
POLYNEICES
Aye, for he wishes it:-but I must not yield.
ANTIGONE
Ah me unhappy! -But who will dare to follow thee, hearing what
prophecies yon man hath uttered?
POLYNEICES
I will not e'en report ill tidings: 'tis a good leader's part to
tell the better news, and not the worse.
ANTIGONE
Brother! Thy resolve, then, is thus fixed?
POLYNEICES
Yea, -and detain me not. For mine it now shall be to tread yon
path, with evil doom and omen from this my sire and from his Furies;
but for you twain, may Zeus make your path bright, if ye do my
wishes when I am dead, -since in my life ye can do them no more.- (He
gently disengages himself from their embrace.) Now, release me,-
and farewell; for nevermore shall ye behold me living.
ANTIGONE
Woe is me!
POLYNEICES
Mourn not for me.
ANTIGONE
And who would not bewail thee, brother, who thus art hurrying to
death foreseen?
POLYNEICES
If 'tis fate, I must die.
ANTIGONE
Nay, nay, -hear my pleading!
POLYNEICES
Plead not amiss.
ANTIGONE
Then woe is me, indeed, if I must lose thee!
POLYNEICES
Nay, that rests with Fortune, -that end or another. -For you
twain, at least, I pray the gods that ye never meet with ill; for in
all men's eyes ye are unworthy to suffer.
(He goes out on the spectators' left.)
CHORUS (chanting)
-
strophe 1
-
Behold, new ills have newly come, in our hearing, from the
sightless strangers -ills fraught with a heavy doom; unless,
perchance, Fate is finding its goal. For 'tis not mine to say that a
decree of Heaven is ever vain: watchful, aye watchful of those decrees
is Time, overthrowing some fortunes, and on the morrow lifting others,
again, to honour. -Hark that sound in the sky!-Zeus defend us!
(Thunder is heard.)
OEDIPUS
My children, my children! If there be any man to send, would
that some one would fetch hither the peerless Theseus!
ANTIGONE
And what, father, is the aim of thy summons?
OEDIPUS
This winged thunder of Zeus will lead me anon to Hades: nay, send,
and tarry not.
(A second peal is heard.)
CHORUS (chanting)
-
antistrophe 1
-
Hark! With louder noise it crashes down, unutterable, hurled by
Zeus! The hair of my head stands up for fear, my soul is sore
dismayed; for again the lightning flashes in the sky. Oh, to what
event will it give birth? I am afraid, for never in vain doth it
rush forth, or without grave issue. O thou dread sky! O Zeus!
OEDIPUS
Daughters, his destined end hath come upon your sire; he can
turn his face from it no more.
ANTIGONE
How knowest thou? What sign hath told thee this?
OEDIPUS
I know it well. -But let some one go, I pray you, with all
speed, and bring hither the lord of this realm.
(Another peal is heard.)
CHORUS (chanting)
-
strophe 2
-
Ha! Listen! Once again that piercing thunder-voice is around us!
Be merciful, O thou god, be merciful, if thou art bringing aught of
gloom for the land our mother! Gracious may I find thee, nor,
because I have looked on a man accurst, have some meed, not of
blessing for my portion! O Zeus our lord, to thee I cry!
OEDIPUS
Is the man near? Will he find me still alive, children, and master
of my mind?
ANTIGONE
And what is the pledge which thou wouldst have fixed in thy mind?
OEDIPUS
In return for his benefits, I would duly give him the requital
promised when I received them.
CHORUS (chanting)
-
antistrophe 2
-
What ho, my son, hither, come hither! Or if in the glade's
inmost recess, for the honour of the sea-god Poseidon, thou art
hallowing his altar with sacrifice, -come thence! Worthy art thou in
the
STRANGER's sight, worthy are thy city and thy folk, that he should
render a just recompense for benefits. Haste, come quickly, O king!
(THESEUS enters, on the spectators' right.)
THESEUS
Wherefore once more rings forth a summons from you all, -from my
people as clearly as from our guest? Can a thunderbolt from Zeus be
the cause, or rushing hail in its fierce onset? All forebodings may
find place, when the god sends such a storm.
OEDIPUS
King, welcome is thy presence; and 'tis some god that hath made
for thee the good fortune of this coming.
THESEUS
And what new thing hath now befallen, son of Laius?
OEDIPUS
My life hangs in the scale: and I fain would die guiltless of
bad faith to and to this city, in respect of my pledges.
THESEUS
And what sign of thy fate holds thee in suspense?
OEDIPUS
The gods, their own heralds, bring me the tidings, with no failure
in the signs appointed of old.
THESEUS
What sayest thou are the signs of these things, old man?
OEDIPUS
The thunder, peal on peal, -the lightning, flash on flash,
hurled from the unconquered hand.
THESEUS
Thou winnest my belief, for in much I find thee a prophet whose
voice is not false; -then speak what must be done.
OEDIPUS
Son of Aegeus, I will unfold that which shall be a treasure for
this thy city, such as age can never mar. Anon, unaided, and with no
hand to guide me, I will show the way to the place where I must die.
But that place reveal thou never unto mortal many -tell not where it
is hidden, nor in what region it lies; that so it may ever make for
thee a defence, better than many shields, better than the succouring
spear of neighbours.
But, for mysteries which speech may not profane, thou shalt mark
them for thyself, when thou comest to that place alone: since
neither to any of this people can I utter them, nor to mine own
children, dear though they are. No, guard them thou alone; and when
thou art coming to the end of life, disclose them to thy heir alone;
let him teach his heir; and so thenceforth.
And thus shalt thou hold this city unscathed from the side of
the Dragon's brood; -full many States lightly enter on offence, e'en
though their neighbour lives aright. For the gods are slow, though
they are sure, in visitation, when men scorn godliness, and turn to
frenzy. Not such be thy fate, son of Aegeus. -Nay, thou knowest such
things, without my precepts.
But to that place -for the divine summons urges me -let us now set
forth, and hesitate no more.- (As if suddenly inspired, he moves with
slow but firm steps towards the left of the scene, beckoning the
others onward.) My children, follow me, -thus, -for I now have in
strange wise been made your guide, as ye were your sire's. On,
-touch me not, -nay, suffer me unaided to find out that sacred tomb
where 'tis my portion to be buried in this land.
This way, -hither, -this way! -for this way doth Guiding Hermes
lead me, and the goddess of the dead!
O light, -no light to me, -mine once thou wast, I ween, -but now
my body feels thee for the last time! For now go I to hide the close
of my life with Hades. -Truest of friends! blessed be thou, and this
land, and thy lieges; and, when your days are blest, think on me the
dead, for your welfare evermore.
-
(He passes from the stage on the spectators' left,
followed by his daughters, THESEUS, and attendants.)
-
CHORUS (singing)
-
strophe
-
If with prayer I may adore the Unseen Goddess, and thee, lord of
the children of night, O hear me, Aidoneus, Aidoneus! Not in pain, not
by a doom that wakes sore lament, may the stranger pass to the
fields of the dead below, the all-enshrouding, and to the Stygian
house. Many were the sorrows that came to him without cause; but in
requital a just god will lift him up.
-
antistrophe
-
Goddesses Infernal! And thou, dread form of the unconquered hound,
thou who hast thy lair in those gates of many guests, thou
untameable Watcher of Hell, gnarling from the cavern's jaws, as rumour
from the beginning tells of thee!
Hear me, O Death, son of Earth and Tartarus! May that Watcher
leave a clear path for the stranger on his way to the nether fields of
the dead! To thee I call, giver of the eternal sleep.
(A MESSENGER enters from the left.)
MESSENGER
Countrymen, my tidings might most shortly be summed thus:
Oedipus is gone. But the story of the hap may not be told in brief
words, as the deeds yonder were not briefly done.
LEADER OF THE CHORUS
He is gone, hapless one?
MESSENGER
Be sure that he hath passed from life.
LEADER
Ah, how? by a god-sent doom, and painless?
MESSENGER
There thou touchest on what is indeed worthy of wonder. How he
moved hence, thou thyself must know, since thou wast here, -with no
friend to show the way, but guide himself unto us all.
Now, when he had come to the sheer Threshold, bound by brazen
steps to earth's deep roots, he paused in one of many branching paths,
near the basin in the rock, where the inviolate covenant of Theseus
and Peirithous hath its memorial. He stood midway between that basin
and the Thorician stone, -the hollow pear-tree and the marble tomb;
then sate him down, and loosed his sordid raiment.
And then he called his daughters, and bade them fetch water from
some fount, that he should wash, and make a drink-offering. And they
went to the hill which was in view, Demeter's hill who guards the
tender plants, and in short space brought that which their father
had enjoined; then they ministered to him with washing, and dressed
him, as use ordains.
But when he had content of doing all, and no part of his desire
was now unheeded, then was thunder from the Zeus of the Shades: and
the maidens shuddered as they heard; they fell at their father's
knees, and wept, nor ceased from beating the breast, and wailing
very sore.
And when he heard their sudden bitter cry, he put his arms
around them, and said: 'My children, this day ends your father's life.
For now all hath perished that was mine, and no more shall ye bear the
burden of tending me, -no light one, well I know, my children; yet one
little word makes all those toils as nought; love had ye from me, as
from none beside; and now ye shall have me with you no more, through
all your days to come.'
On such wise, close-clinging to each other, sire and daughters
sobbed and wept. But when they had made an end of wailing, and the
sound went up no more, there was a stillness; and suddenly a voice
of one who cried aloud to him, so that the hair of all stood up on
their heads for sudden fear, and they were afraid. For the god
called him with many callings and manifold: 'Oedipus, Oedipus, why
delay we to go? Thou tarriest too long.'
But when he perceived that he was called of the god, he craved
that the king Theseus should draw near; and when he came near, said:
'O my friend, give, I pray thee, the solemn pledge of thy right hand
to my children, and ye, daughters, to him; and promise thou never to
forsake them of thy free will, but to do all things for their good, as
thy friendship and the time may prompt.' And he, like a man of noble
spirit, without making lament sware to keep that promise to his
friend.
But when Theseus had so promised, straightway Oedipus felt for his
children with blind hands, and said: 'O my children, ye must be
nobly brave of heart, and depart from this place, nor ask to behold
unlawful sights, or to hear such speech as may not be heard. Nay, go
with all haste; only let Theseus be present, as is his right, a
witness of those things which are to be.'
So spake he, and we all heard; and with streaming tears and with
lamentation we followed the maidens away. But when we had gone
apart, after no long time we looked back, and Oedipus we saw nowhere
any more, but the king alone, holding his hand before his face to
screen his eyes, as if some dread sight had been seen, and such as
none might endure to behold. And then, after a short space, we saw him
salute the earth and the home of the gods above, both at once, in
one prayer.
But by what doom Oedipus perished, no man can tell, save Theseus
alone. No fiery thunderbolt of the god removed him in that hour, nor
any rising of storm from the sea; but either a messenger from the
gods, or the world of the dead, the nether adamant, riven for him in
love, without pain; for the passing of the man was not with
lamentation, or in sickness and suffering, but, above mortal's,
wonderful. And if to any I seem to speak folly, I would not woo
their belief, who count me foolish.
LEADER
And where are the maidens, and their escort?
MESSENGER
Not far hence; for the sounds of mourning tell plainly that they
approach.
-
(ANTIGONE and ISMENE enter, chanting their song of lamentation.)
-
ANTIGONE
-
strophe 1
-
Woe, woe! Now, indeed, is it for us, unhappy sisters, in all
fulness to bewail the curse on the blood that is ours from our sire!
For him, while he lived, we bore that long pain without pause; and
at the last a sight and a loss that baffle thought are ours to tell.
CHORUS
And how is it with you?
ANTIGONE
We can but conjecture, friends.
CHORUS
He is gone?
ANTIGONE
Even as thou mightest wish: yea, surely, when death met him not in
war, or on the deep, but he was snatched to the viewless fields by
some swift, strange doom. Ah me! and a night as of death hath come
on the eyes of us twain: for how shall we find our bitter
livelihood, roaming to some far land, or on the waves of the sea?
ISMENE
I know not. Oh that deadly Hades would join me in death unto
mine aged sire! Woe is me! I cannot live the life that must be mine.
CHORUS
Best of daughters, sisters twain, Heaven's doom must be borne:
be no more fired with too much grief: ye have so fared that ye
should not repine.
ANTIGONE
-
antistrophe 1
-
Ah, so care past can seem lost joy! For that which was no way
sweet had sweetness, while therewith I held him in mine embrace. Ah,
father, dear one, ah thou who hast put on the darkness of the
under-world for ever, not even there shalt thou ever lack our love,-
her love and mine.
CHORUS
He hath fared-
ANTIGONE
He hath fared as he would.
CHORUS
In what wise?
ANTIGONE
On foreign ground, the ground of his choice, he hath died; in
the shadow of the grave he hath his bed for ever; and he hath left
mourning behind him, not barren of tears. For with these streaming
eyes, father, I bewail thee; nor know I, ah me, how to quell my sorrow
for thee, my sorrow that is so great. -Ah me! 'twas thy wish to die in
strange land; but now thou hast died without gifts at my hand.
ISMENE
Woe is me! What new fate, think'st thou, awaits thee and me, my
sister, thus orphaned of our sire?
CHORUS
Nay, since he hath found a blessed end, my children, cease from
this lament; no mortal is hard for evil fortune to capture.
ANTIGONE
-
strophe 2
-
Sister, let us hasten back.
ISMENE
Unto what deed?
ANTIGONE
A longing fills my soul.
ISMENE
Whereof?
ANTIGONE
To see the dark home-
ISMENE
Of whom?
ANTIGONE
Ah me of our sire.
ISMENE
And how can this thing be lawful? Hast thou no understanding?
ANTIGONE
Why this reproof?
ISMENE
And knowest thou not this also-
ANTIGONE
What wouldst thou tell me more?-
ISMENE
That he was perishing without tomb, apart from all?
ANTIGONE
Lead me thither, and then slay me also.
ISMENE
Ah me unhappy! Friendless and helpless, where am I now to live
my hapless life?
CHORUS
-
antistrophe 2
-
My children, fear not.
ANTIGONE
But whither am I to flee?
CHORUS
Already a refuge hath been found-
ANTIGONE
How meanest thou?-
CHORUS
-for your fortunes, that no harm should touch them.
ANTIGONE
I know it well.
CHORUS
What, then, is thy thought?
ANTIGONE
How we are to go home, I cannot tell.
CHORUS
And do not seek to go.
ANTIGONE
Trouble besets us.
CHORUS
And erstwhile bore hardly on you.
ANTIGONE
Desperate then, and now more cruel than despair.
CHORUS
Great, verily, is the sea of your troubles.
ANTIGONE
Alas, alas! O Zeus, whither shall we turn? To what last hope
doth fate now urge us?
(THESEUS enters.)
THESEUS
-
systema
-
Weep no more, maidens; for where the kindness of the Dark Powers
is an abiding grace to the quick and to the dead, there is no room for
mourning; divine anger would follow.
ANTIGONE
Son of Aegeus, we supplicate thee!
THESEUS
For the obtaining of what desire, my children?
ANTIGONE
We fain would look with our own eyes upon our father's tomb.
THESEUS
Nay, it is not lawful.
ANTIGONE
How sayest thou, king, lord of Athens?
THESEUS
My children, he gave me charge that no one should draw nigh unto
that place, or greet with voice the sacred tomb wherein he sleeps. And
he said that, while I duly kept that word, I should always hold the
land unharmed. These pledges, therefore, were heard from my lips by
the god, and by the all-seeing Watcher of oaths, the servant of Zeus.
ANTIGONE
Nay, then, if this is pleasing to the dead, with this we must
content us. But send us to Thebes the ancient, if haply we may
hinder the bloodshed that is threatened to our brothers.
THESEUS
So will I do; and if in aught beside I can profit you, and
pleasure the dead who hath lately gone from us, I am bound to spare no
pains.
CHORUS
Come, cease lamentation, lift it up no more; for verily these
things stand fast.
-
-
THE END
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